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Commonly Used Metals for CNC Machining: A Guide to Temperature Resistance, Thermal Conductivity, and Fire Resistance

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Commonly Used Metals for CNC Machining: A Guide to Temperature Resistance, Thermal Conductivity, and Fire Resistance

Introduction

Metal materials, due to their exceptional strength and durability, are a key choice for CNC machining. Understanding their thermal properties, including temperature resistance, thermal conductivity, and melting point, is crucial for the performance of parts in real-world applications. This article will provide an introduction to the relevant thermal properties of commonly machined metals.

Detailed Explanation of Thermal Properties of Metal Materials

General Introduction to Fire Resistance

First, metals are inherently non-combustible and do not fall under the same flammability ratings as plastics, such as UL 94. Under normal atmospheric conditions, all metals offer top-tier fire resistance, neither burning nor producing toxic fumes.

Stainless Steel (SUS304, SUS316)

Stainless steel boasts outstanding high-temperature resistance, with a continuous operating temperature range of 425°C to 500°C. Its melting point is extremely high, ranging from approximately 1375°C to 1450°C. However, stainless steel has a relatively low thermal conductivity of approximately 16 W/m·K, meaning it conducts heat slowly and dissipates heat poorly. Therefore, special attention must be paid to heat accumulation during processing.

Aluminum Alloy (AL6061, AL6063)

Aluminum alloys have a continuous temperature resistance of approximately 120°C to 150°C. Their melting point is much lower than that of steel, ranging from approximately 580°C to 650°C. One of aluminum alloys’ most notable properties is their excellent thermal conductivity, which can reach as high as 167 to 205 W/m·K. This ability to quickly conduct heat away makes them ideal for applications such as heat sinks and electronic enclosures.

Magnesium Alloy (AZ91D, AZ31B)

Magnesium alloys have a continuous temperature resistance of approximately 120°C, the lowest of the three metal types. They also have a relatively low melting point, ranging from approximately 490°C to 610°C. Magnesium alloys exhibit excellent thermal conductivity, ranging from 72 to 116 W/m·K, dissipating heat better than stainless steel, making them suitable for lightweight parts requiring heat dissipation.

Conclusion

From high-temperature-resistant stainless steel, highly conductive aluminum alloys, to ultra-lightweight magnesium alloys, each metal’s thermal properties determine its most suitable application. Understanding these differences will help you make the most precise material selection for your project.